Philip Brown is an economist with expertise in renewable energy sources. Wind power is among the most common sources of renewable energy in the US, especially in Texas, Iowa, Oklahoma, and California, all of which have large wind farms.
Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs) and Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) are two types of wind turbines used to harness wind energy.
HAWTs are the most prevalent int he United States. They are predominantly deployed in large-scale wind farms in area with consistent prevailing winds, including coastal zones with strong sea breezes, expansive plains and prairies with steady wind patterns, elevated mountain ridges, plateaus, and offshore locations. HAWTs are efficiently convert wind energy into electricity, making them ideal for utility-scale operations. The cost of HAWTs depends on their size and location, with larger turbines proving more cost-effective due to their greater energy capture capacity.
VAWTs are less common and primarily serve niche markets. They are often chosen for urban settings with space constraints and variable wind directions, remote or off-grid locations where access for maintenance may be challenging, aesthetic considerations, and hybrid energy systems in combination with solar panels or other renewables. VAWTs offer advantages such as omni-directional wind capture, but they are generally less efficient than HAWTs.
As technology continues to advance and the renewable energy landscape evolves, both HAWTs and VAWTs play crucial roles in our transition toward more sustainable and cleaner sources of electricity generation.
Dr. Philip H. Brown 
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